Domain Name Server (DNS) is nothing but a phonebook of the internet. DNS is a protocol that is used commonly on the internet, and so you may hear a lot about the DNS attacks on the internet. We access the ...
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Introduction to Hybrid Routing Protocol

The protocol, Hybrid Routing protocol is designed by combining the characteristics of both link-state routing protocol and the distance vector routing protocol. The advantages of these two protocols are combined and formed the new protocol called Hybrid routing protocol. In ...
Difference Between RIPv1 and RIPv2

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) Routing Information Protocol is the oldest networking protocol is known as “distance-vector routing protocols”. There are four timers are used in Routing Information Protocol. RUT (Route Update Timer):- it is a timer of Routing Information Protocol ...
What is Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Public Key Infrastructure is what we call the structure of actions and procedures that are used to, provide, manage and run public key encryption and digital certificate and digital signature services including authenticating the users. The keys used in the ...
Difference Between Routing Protocol and Routed Protocol

To know the Difference Between Routing Protocol and Routed Protocol keep reading this article till the end. Routing protocol and routed protocol are commonly used two types of protocols. A routing protocol can be used to specify how the routers ...
Honeypot Clients (HoneypotClients), types of Clients Honeypot

Honeypot Clients in the last decade have become one of the most effective ways to counter cyber attacks that threaten the security and privacy of millions of people worldwide. More than just a game of waiting and watching, this mechanism ...
VLAN Trunking Protocol Domain (VTP domain)

VLAN Trunking Protocol Domain (VTP domain) The article provided in this section describes and explains about the VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) Trunking Protocol (VTP) domain. Before discussing the main topic in this section let’s summarize what is VLAN (Virtual ...
VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL MODES (VTP MODES)

The article going to discuss in this section is about the different types of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) modes. Discussing the kind of VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) modes defines and explains it as several sections with a brief description. So ...
Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) Frame

Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) Frame The information about the spanning tree protocol is stored in frames called Bridge Protocol Data Unit, referred by using the term BPDUs. The following pieces of information are used to transmit the BPDUs by ...
Spanning Tree Path Cost Value and How is Spanning Tree Cost Value Calculated

As we learn in early topics, a value calledSpanning Tree Path Cost Value is used for the purpose of identifying the Root Port. This identification of the Root Port is for transmitting the data. For this, we have to identify ...